Lecture Notes: click here.

Reading Materials:

·         Thomas Homer-Dixon, "Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases," in GPB ch. 29.

·         Daniel Deudney, “The Case Against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security,” in GPB ch. 31.

·         Vladimir Kotov, Elena Nikitina, “Ecology: Crisis of Defense Mechanisms”, Moscow Carnegie Center.

Internet Research Materials:

• Environmental Security Database (Toronto).
• Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
• Environmental Change and Security Project

Discussion Questions:

• What is environmental security?
• Political, economic, social, cultural factors can bring about conflict and war. Where would you situate environmental factor? Is it a separate variable that can be responsible for war? Or, is it included in political, social, economic, and cultural factors?